Wednesday, October 30, 2019
Comparison Analysis Of George Seurat, Sunday Afternoon On The Island Essay
Comparison Analysis Of George Seurat, Sunday Afternoon On The Island Of The Grande Jatte, 1886, And Paul Gauguin, The Day Of The Gods, 1894 - Essay Example The essay "George Seurat and Paul Gauguin paintings" discovers two famous paintings, Paul Gauguin’s The Day of the Gods and George Seurat’s Sunday Afternoon. The paintings both depict the cultural gathering that a body of water can evoke. However, the gathering within the work of Seurat is defined by the formal and modest visage of the 19th century while Gauguin’s work reveals the naturalistic culture of Tahiti. The two pieces allow the viewer a distinct opportunity to see a transition between one form of painting to the next. The style of painting that George Seurat is most known for is that of pointillism. Pointillism is defined by a technique of applying paint where the artist uses small dots of color to shade and move the eye as if to create actually rounded and formed figures. The eyes create the illusion of the image as the tiny dots are blended, revealing the imagery through a trick of the eye. To look at a pointillist painting up close is to see nothing b ut a mass of dots, but when one stands back, the dots combine to create the intended imagery. Seurat had a tremendous scientific interest in the way in which they eye sees color. In the 1880’s, Seurat and Paul Signet developed pointillism as a way of stretching the scientific theories of the visually representation reinterpreted through specific, rigid rules of application. Pointillism is defined by paint that is not mixed on a palate; use of primary colors; individual dots or points of color; brushstrokes that are carefully place.
Monday, October 28, 2019
Internet Jurisdiction Essay Example for Free
Internet Jurisdiction Essay In his article, Wolf (1999) explained how jurisdiction may be acquired through over persons who operate and use internet websites. By applying the rules enumerated in Wolf’s article to a popular bit torrent search engine based in Sweden called â€Å"thepiratebay. org†, we see that no jurisdiction may be acquired over the users or the operators of the website because 1) there is a minimal level of interactivity among the users; 2) the users and operators of the website do not engage in commercial activities; and 3) the website does not provide contact details that would allow future business transactions to take place. Personal jurisdiction is an issue because it allows the court to prosecute any criminal activity that occurs because of the use of the website. It also allows the court to impose civil liabilities on any user operator who might have caused damage to a resident of place where the court exercises jurisdiction. In ordinary procedure, personal jurisdiction is acquired by either the arrest of the culprit in criminal cases or the service of summons on the defendant in civil cases. In special cases where culprits are not residents of the forum state, the court would have to use this long-arm jurisdiction in order to punish those responsible for the illegal activity. The interactive-passive use test states that courts have to look into the nature of the transactions made by the users of the website. If the website allows users to have a â€Å"two-way online communication which fosters an ongoing business relationship†, the court may acquire personal jurisdiction over the operators of the website. However, is the website merely provides information without any other interaction, the court may not exercise jurisdiction. The key question to be asked would be: is the website operator doing business in the forum state? If yes, then the court has jurisdiction over the operator. Based on his analysis of Cybersell, Inc. v. Cybersell, Inc. , 130 F. 3d 414 (9th Cir. 1997), Wolf mentions that mere advertising is not enough to give the court jurisdiction over the operators of the website. It has to be shown that the operators â€Å"actually sold their products in the forum state†. Once again, we see that actual business must be performed before the court can claim jurisdiction over the website operator. This is because it is only the act of engaging in actual business where the website operator is deemed to purposely avail of or submit himself to the jurisdiction of the forum state.
Saturday, October 26, 2019
Hamlet’s Self-Perception :: Shakespeare Hamlet Essays
Hamlet’s Self-Perception  The way we see ourselves is often reflected in the way we act. Hamlet views himself as different to those young nobles around him such as Fortinbras and Laertes. This reality leads us to believe that over time he has become even more motivated to revenge his father's death, and find out who his true friends are. How can you be honest in a world full of deceit and hate? His seven soliloquies tell us that while the days go by he grows more cunning as he falls deeper into his madness. This fact might have lead Hamlet to believe that suicide is what he really wants for his life's course.    The way we perceive our lives is echoed in the way we comport ourselves in everyday life. Hamlet is a man of visible education and he would rather use his mind over his fist. He is quick to look for an explanation on behalf of the actions of others. Hamlet is not a man to search out blood without a rational justification. When dealing with Laertes and Fortinbras you can vividly see the contrast between the extremes. Once Laertes finds out his father has been unjustly murdered, he swiftly swears revenge without give the situation a second thought in contrast to Hamlet who takes all factors into mind before carrying out a sentence.                                                                        Laertes- How came he dead? I'll not be juggled with. To hell allegiance, vows to the blackest devil, Conscience and grace to the profoundest pit!                                                                                                        (IV;V;129-132) Each man deals with grief in extremely distinct manners, when looking at Laertes in comparison to Hamlet you can swiftly see their great contrast to one another. Hamlet would rather create reason before madness; he is the type to use his brain before his fist. Whereas Laertes is always caught up in his anger that he sees no means to absolve the actions of others.                                                                        Hamlet- When honor is at stake. How stand I then, That have a father killed, a mother stained, Excitements of my reason and my blood, And let all sleep, while to my shame I see The imminent death of twenty thousand men                                                                                                   (IV;IV;56-61)  This reality leads us to believe that over time he has become even more motivated to revenge his father's death, and find out who his true friends are.
Thursday, October 24, 2019
How Charlotte Bronte Uses the Different Houses in Jane Eyre Essay
How Charlotte Bronte Uses the Different Houses in Jane Eyre In the novel Jane Eyre, Charlotte Bronte uses different locations in particular different houses to produce a structural base for the story and to provide a basis for Jane’s progression through life and the changes she experiences. The houses are a background to the plot of Jane Eyre that is the evolution of Jane from lonely orphan at Gateshead into an established and well-developed character at Ferndean who is Mr Rochester’s equal. Throughout the story Jane lives in many houses all that are different in certain aspects but in some aspects they are similar. One such aspect is that all the houses have a dominant male in Gateshead it is John Read in Lowood it is Mr Brocklehurst and at Thornfield even though she is equal to Mr Rochester when they are alone when guests are present she must then observe the social hierarchy which means Mr Rochester is dominant over Jane. Another similarity is that in each of different and contrasting houses there is always an over all feeling of Jane being trapped and constrained inside their walls. Jane is always fighting against the dominant males in the houses as seen when she encounters John Reed and calls him a murderer. She always rebels against the dominant male in the household until she meets Rochester who is not only the dominant male but also a kind and loving person. Apart from the dominant male in each house there is also a kind guide such as Bessie in Gateshead and Miss Temple in Lowood. There is one exception and this is in Thornfield where Mr Rochester is both the dominant male and kind presence in the house. In Jane Eyre houses play an important part in shaping and forming the structure of the nov... ...gainst the mystery of Grace Poole and her connection to Mr Rochester. Unlike her stay at Gateshead she is allowed both a social position as a governess and respect member of the house her personal situation with Mr Rochester. Since Jane is a governess and is not of the higher class that Mr Rochester is from. She cannot appear to be involved with him but this only when outsiders arrive. This also represents that Jane is not rebelling against the hypocrisy with Mr Rochester because if she were then she would not observe the social hierarchy. Like all the places Jane has lived in so far Thornfield does supply the amount of freedom that Jane would like. She is still trapped in to certain degree and she longs for something more. She wants just a bit more freedom but she cannot get that at Thornfield at the time she is there. The only place in Thornfield
Wednesday, October 23, 2019
Jcm Model
1)What is JCM model? Job characteristic model defines the task characteristics and its relationships with motivation, performance and satisfaction in work settings. It has a high potential to provide insights into the organizations structures or designs necessary for enhancing motivation. It is a potential tool for understanding motivation and devising strategies for motivating individuals.Relevance and utility of major JCM components in enhancing motivation in classroom settings are discussed It focuses on the behavior of the job 5 job characteristics- Skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, feed back- Structural elements 3 critical psychological states-experienced meaningfulness of work, experienced autonomy, knowledge of actual results 1 increased personal and work outcomes 1 growth need strength Unification of various structural elementsCause and effect of these structural elements to the psychological states Links the complementary literatures of education and psychological work 2)How might a team leader’s understanding of the JCM model enhance his/her effectiveness at improving the productivity of the work unit? Please be specific as possible. As team leader one of my responsibilities is to create, sustain and enhance the motivation of the employees. In order to achieve this I need clarity in the variety of skill sets present within my employees.For example, one of my team members is a very creative person. I perceive him as a very valuable asset to team especially when the team is in the â€Å"Analysis Paralysis†mode. He comes in as a zero gravity thinker and provides an out-of-box perspective. Because the whole team is ingrained in the problem, he brings in fresh-air and perspective to the problem and in many instances this perspective leads to the team to think in different directions which ultimately lead to the solution.One of my other team mates is very task oriented. He will do the task whatever it takes to complet e it. So when there is a project with tight deadline with methodical work involved then I choose this individual to complete the task. It is more of an adaptive approach which needs incremental innovation capabilities rather than breakthroughs. So identifying the individuals strength and aligning the tasks according to their strengths is critical for creating sustaining and enhancing the motivation of individuals in the team.The challenge is to identify the strengths and weaknesses in the early stages of the team building efforts. This example gives an insight of identifying the skill set among the employees, aligning the task with the skill, appreciating the value the team members bring in to achieving the common goal- Success of the team, giving feedback on their performance and added value to the team’s success from their contribution, giving them the autonomy to perform their best for the benefit for themselves and for the organization.
Tuesday, October 22, 2019
Native Americans in the Civil essays
Native Americans in the Civil essays Native Americans in the Civilized Land There were different ways of getting the message across, but the views expressed when it came to the different images and texts relating to Native Americans were all the same. Indians were savage people that needed to be civilized. It seemed like the only purpose the Indians served once America was conquered was to be trading partners with the Europeans and to be converted to Christianity. Other than that, the Indians were either attacked or ridiculed by the colonists. I was surprised at how the Indians had to face such harsh and difficult situations, yet somehow they still stood strong. The different texts scorned the Indian population through different techniques. I tried to analyze how they were written, but it was hard to determine the viewpoint of such works as the essay Indian/Non-Indian Relations. I first decided that it had to be written from a Native Americans viewpoint because it discussed how brutally the Europeans treated them and how they were ostracized from the colonies, but then I changed my mind after reading many Indians died a wonderful plague of smallpox (Indian Relations). I simply refused to believe that a Native American could write those words, even if he was writing the Puritans viewpoint. It was a shocking thing for me as a reader. I knew that this work was biased, but at times it got hard to figure out which side was being supported. After reading William Byrds text, I saw that he had the same views on Indians as the essay writer, but he chose to be nice and describe a few admirable traits before abruptly attacking the Indians, calling them indolent wretches, and using a humorous tone to ridicule the Indians because they depend entirely upon the English, not only for their trade but even for their subsistence (Byrd). Byrd made sure that the Indian...
Monday, October 21, 2019
Second Battle of El Alamein in World War II
Second Battle of El Alamein in World War II The Second Battle of El Alamein was fought from October 23, 1942 to November 5, 1942 during World War II (1939-1945) and was the turning point of the campaign in the Western Desert. Having been driven east by Axis forces in 1942, the British had established a strong defensive line at El Alamein, Egypt. Recovering and reinforcing, new leadership on the British side commenced planning an offensive to regain the initiative. Launched in October, the Second Battle of El Alamein saw British forces grind through the enemy defenses before shattering the Italo-German lines. Short on supplies and fuel, Axis forces were compelled to retreat back into Libya. The victory ended the threat to the Suez Canal and provided a significant boost to Allied morale. Background In the wake of its victory at the Battle of Gazala (May-June, 1942), Field Marshal Erwin Rommels Panzer Army Africa pressed British forces back across North Africa. Retreating to within 50 miles of Alexandria, General Claude Auchinleck was able to stop the Italo-German offensive at El Alamein in July. A strong position, the El Alamein line ran 40 miles from the coast to the impassable Quattara Depression. While both sides paused to rebuild their forces, Prime Minister Winston Churchill arrived in Cairo and decided to make command changes. New Leadership Auchinleck was replaced as Commander-in-Chief Middle East by General Sir Harold Alexander, while the 8th Army was given to Lieutenant General William Gott. Before he could take command, Gott was killed when the Luftwaffe shot down his transport. As a result, command of the 8th Army was assigned to Lieutenant General Bernard Montgomery. Moving forward, Rommel attacked Montgomerys lines at the Battle of Alam Halfa (August 30-September 5) but was repulsed. Choosing to take a defensive stance, Rommel fortified his position and placed over 500,000 mines, many of which were anti-tank types. Field Marshal Harold Alexander. Armies Commanders British Commonwealth General Sir Harold AlexanderLieutenant General Bernard Montgomery220,00 men1,029 tanks750 aircraft900 field guns1,401 anti-tank guns Axis Powers Field Marshal Erwin RommelLieutenant General Georg Stumme116,000 men547 tanks675 aircraft496 anti-tank guns Monty's Plan Due to the depth of Rommels defenses, Montgomery carefully planned his assault. The new offensive called for infantry to advance across the minefields (Operation Lightfoot) which would allow engineers to open two routes through for the armor. After clearing the mines, the armor would reform while the infantry defeated the initial Axis defenses. Across the lines, Rommels men were suffering from a severe lack of supplies and fuel. With the bulk of German war materials going to the Eastern Front, Rommel was forced to rely on captured Allied supplies. His health failing, Rommel took leave to Germany in September. General Erwin Rommel in North Africa, 1941. Photograph Courtesy of the National Archives Records Administration A Slow Start On the night of October 23, 1942, Montgomery began a heavy 5-hour bombardment of the Axis lines. Behind this, 4 infantry divisions from XXX Corps advanced over the mines (the men did not weigh enough to trip the anti-tank mines) with the engineers working behind them. By 2:00 AM the armored advance began, however progress was slow and traffic jams developed. The assault was supported by diversionary attacks to the south. As dawn approached, the German defense was hampered by the loss of Rommels temporary replacement, Lieutenant General Georg Stumme, who died of a heart attack. German Counterattacks Taking control of the situation, Major-General Ritter von Thoma coordinated counterattacks against the advancing British infantry. Though their advance was bogged down, the British defeated these assaults and the first major tank engagement of the battle was fought. Having opened a six mile wide and five mile deep inroad into Rommels position, Montgomery began shifting forces north to inject life into the offensive. Over the next week, the bulk of the fighting occurred in the north near a kidney-shaped depression and Tel el Eisa. Returning, Rommel found his army stretched with only three days of fuel remaining. Axis Fuel Shortages Moving divisions up from the south, Rommel quickly found that they lacked the fuel to withdraw, leaving them exposed in the open. On October 26, this situation worsened when Allied aircraft sank a German tanker near Tobruk. Despite Rommels hardships, Montgomery continued to have difficulty breaking through as Axis anti-tank guns mounted a stubborn defense. Two days later, Australian troops advanced northwest of Tel el Eisa towards Thompsons Post in an attempt to break through near the coast road. On the night of October 30, they succeeded in reaching road and repelled numerous enemy counterattacks. British infantry attack at El Alamein, October 24, 1942. Public Domain Rommel Retreats: After assaulting the Australians again with no success on November 1, Rommel began to concede that the battle was lost and began planning a retreat 50 miles west to Fuka. At 1:00 AM on November 2, Montgomery launched Operation Supercharge with the goal of forcing the battle into the open and reaching Tel el Aqqaqir. Attacking behind an intense artillery barrage, the 2nd New Zealand Division and the 1st Armored Division met stiff resistance, but forced Rommel to commit his armored reserves. In the resulting tank battle, the Axis lost over 100 tanks. His situation hopeless, Rommel contacted Hitler and asked for permission to withdraw. This was promptly denied and Rommel informed von Thoma that they were to stand fast. In assessing his armored divisions, Rommel found that fewer than 50 tanks remained. These were soon destroyed by British attacks. As Montgomery continued to attack, entire Axis units were overrun and destroyed opening a 12-mile hole in Rommels line. Left with no choice, Rommel ordered his remaining men to begin retreating west. On November 4, Montgomery launched his final assaults with the 1st, 7th, and 10th Armored Divisions clearing the Axis lines and reaching open desert. Lacking sufficient transportation, Rommel was forced to abandon many of his Italian infantry divisions. As a result, four Italian divisions effectively ceased to exist. Aftermath The Second Battle of El Alamein cost Rommel around 2,349 killed, 5,486 wounded, and 30,121 captured. In addition, his armored units effectively ceased to exist as a fighting force. For Montgomery, the fighting resulted in 2,350 killed, 8,950 wounded, and 2,260 missing, as well as around 200 tanks permanently lost. A grinding battle that was similar to many fought during World War I, the Second Battle of El Alamein turned the tide in North Africa in favor of the Allies. Pushing west, Montgomery drove Rommel back to El Agheila in Libya. Pausing to rest and rebuild his supply lines, he continued to attack in mid-December and pressed the German commander into retreating again. Joined in North Africa by American troops, who had landed in Algeria and Morocco, Allied forces succeeded in evicting the Axis from North Africa on May 13, 1943 (Map).
Sunday, October 20, 2019
Ten tips for perfect punctuation - Emphasis
Ten tips for perfect punctuation Ten tips for perfect punctuation More people are unsure of their punctuation than would ever care to admit it. Use our quick guide to make sure youre not one of them. Never use its with an apostrophe unless it means it is or it has – its amazing how many people use it wrongly. Beware also the greengrocers apostrophe (peas, carrots) when forming plurals. Apostrophes should usually only be used to show possession or omission. The exception is to avoid confusion when forming plurals of letters (eg As, which looks like As if you leave out the apostrophe). Some people object to using and or but at the beginning of sentences. But this probably has more to do with lingering fears of that scary old English teacher you had years ago than any real grammatical rule. And thats all there is to it. If you dont believe us, look again at a Shakespeare play – or even a well-respected business magazine such as The Economist. Semi-colons (;) can replace and or but. They denote a pause thats longer than a comma but shorter than a full stop (or period). Think of them as super commas if it helps. Dont overuse them, though (see below). Colons can replace so, therefore and because. The full stop (period) is the readers best friend – and it could be yours. It shortens sentences, making them easier to read. And it can get you out of a pickle when youre trying to find a clever way of saying two or three things in the same sentence: just use two or three sentences instead. Use semi-colons, brackets and dashes sparingly, as theyre stylistically heavy. If in doubt, split the sentence. If you put additional information in a sentence, like this, remember to use commas or dashes either side of the information. Its hard for the reader if theyre left out. Using all capitals on headings is hard on the eye, as it removes the all-important shape from words. (We use shape to recognise words more than you may realise.) So use initial capitals only. Too many exclamations are irritating!
Saturday, October 19, 2019
Customer Service Operations and Excellence Essay
Customer Service Operations and Excellence - Essay Example The same can be achieved through effective customer service operations. The concept of achieving excellence in service through effective customer service has now transcended to various fields in general and academic libraries in particular. Service institutions such as universities are mainly focused on providing optimum quality service to the students, by way of enhanced support services for education, as a means to retain students and improve their academic performance (Sander et al., 2000). Academic libraries exist purely to offer services to the students, which include a range of activities such as offering professional reference services to enable the students to effectively use the various resources that the library has to offer; respond to online queries for references; assist in information delivery services such as shelving and re-shelving books, periodicals etc., among many others (Hernon, Altman, 1996). This paper on customer service operations and excellence aims to discu ss and analyze the various issues related to the management of academic libraries, with the help of appropriate theories and models and conclude with recommendations for improving the services operations to achieve better results. Managing Libraries: Overview One of the primary objectives of libraries is to store and record detailed information about books, in order to serve the 'customer' i.e. students in a better manner. Academic libraries in particular, deals with preserving and recording comprehensive information with regard to scholarly publications as well as the primary resources which are used by the students for achieving scholarships. The libraries in general and academic libraries in particular have recently undergone significant changes over the past couple of years, especially with regard to the manner in which information is stored and dealt with. Such rapid transformations can be largely attributed to the fact that the development of information technology has penetra ted almost all aspects of human life, and academic libraries are no exception. Such changes has brought about a significant transformation in the manner in which libraries are governed, and managed; followed by changes in its organizational structure, skills sets required of library staff, as well as the range of facilities made available to the customers (Budd, 2005). Libraries across the globe are now increasingly accepting and accommodating such changes, in order to enhance their service quality. According to the management at University of California Library: â€Å"The continuing proliferation of formats, tools, services, and technologies has upended how we arrange, retrieve, and present our holdings. Our users expect simplicity and immediate reward and Amazon, Google, and iTunes are the standards against which we are judged (University of California Libraries, 2005, p. 7).†Considering the wide ranging transformations brought about by technology, the management of librar y services must be reviewed to accommodate and cope up with the changing times. However, it must be noted that despite the rapid changes which have penetrated almost all the aspects of management within academic libraries, customer services still remains the same and uninhibited. The key role of librarians still surrounds provision of optimum services to the users, by offering high quality services.
Friday, October 18, 2019
How the five new york crime familes influenced american society Research Paper
How the five new york crime familes influenced american society - Research Paper Example These included the application of gambling using enhanced technology over the internet without falling under the jurisdiction of the American legal system. This was done by having gambling occur through websites that were offshore and that had little chance of ever being intercepted by American law enforcement. Because of this, the family saw the American society face some of the largest debts owed by individuals to a crime family because of illegal gambling. This was as the case of Nicholas Cosmo, who started his own con after owing the family tens of thousands of dollars, which saw him run the Ponzi scheme to repay his own debt. This influenced the American society by bringing in the concept of crime to pay off debts owed to other criminals. The upgrade in the technological application of criminal activity was seen by the use of wired transfers to commit fraud by Nicholas Cosmo, who did all these as part of a debt that he owed to the family.1 Altogether, the Genovese crime family b rought together technological advancements for criminal gain, showing how vulnerable the American society is and how easily it can be defrauded. ... This infiltration saw the family rip millions of dollars from unsuspecting Americans who revealed their credit card number in order to go on with the free tours of the websites. This was designed such that once the user had provided their credit card details to the website, large amounts of funds were charged to the credit card illegally since none of them was authorized by the users and regulatory authorities. In addition, since the family made use of billing via telephone, they charged the government and other American in excesses of millions of dollars for their fraud. This is following the procurement, by the Gambino family, of a bank and a telephone company that allowed the family to plan elaborately their frauds and schemes to defraud Americans and the government.2 As such, the Gambino crime family influenced the American society in that it showed how powerful the crime families were to the point of infiltrating some of the most basic sectors such as banking and even internet u se, as well as phone calls. Their scams also led to the development of new waves of crime across America that were perpetrated in the most ingenious of ways that not even the government was able to crack until much later. This dug deep into the credibility of law enforcement in the American society since they were unable to bring to book, let alone discover the crime wave. It was part of the introduction of white-collar crime in the USA, where it showed how sophisticated organized crime rings were getting. In addition, Gambino family influenced the American society in that it inspired fear amongst Americans to the extent that even law enforcement had to
The Historical Foundation of Physical Education Essay
The Historical Foundation of Physical Education - Essay Example The Historical Foundation of Physical Education Take the idea of Allen Guttman, he described Modern Olympic Movement as weak and highly influenced by commercialism of today. According to him, there are major forces that drive the Olympic today and one of them is politics in sports. He further emphasized that Olympic Games are too complex, too prone to internal and external forces, and too appealing in different ways to vested interest groups global-wide. On the other hand, Robert Mechnikoff in his book had noticed minimal discrepancy for he focused his discussion on the historical and philosophical perspective of sports. For him, many people who have involved in sports seem to forget the value of building good character and healthy body. Many people today engaged in physical activities in order to acquire ideal body built and follow the norm of today’s gymnast enthusiasts. It is quite obvious that many people who are successful in their chosen sports have never been into college because of financial reason. Take for instance the Filipino boxing champ Manny Pacquiao who is a boxer since childhood. He gets into this sport because according to him, this is the only way he can do to support his poor family. A Mexican boxer Oscar Larios is also from a poor family who found fortune in the boxing arena. The wrestling superstar Batista on the other hand, became famous and financially successful; though, in his childhood, his family could not send him to college.
Thursday, October 17, 2019
Global Talent Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1
Global Talent - Assignment Example Becker, Huselid & Ulrich (2001) found that accessibility problems can arise in many forms including accessibility of value-added metric to acquire and accessibility of the value added by the metric after it has been acquired. In the current context, issue of accessing the value that the metric add to the organization after it has been acquired is what is being focused. In such a situation where there is lack of accessibility to value-added metrics, the first point of call in overcoming the situation should be the organizational structure. This is because where there is a bureaucratic and overly centralized organization structure, the flow of resources and even information across all quarters of the organization becomes highly limited. As a result of this, it is very difficult that all members within the organization can have a feel of the value added to the HR activity by the new metric. For example when the metric is used to collect data about employees, it could be that the outcome of such data will not be made known to the employees. In such a situation, chances are that employees can resist any future implementation of new metrics. This is because the employees will not have any basis on which they can justify or testify to the benefits of the metric. But where there is an open system being operated where the outcome of the value added by the metric is openly discussed, implementation will not be problem because all employees are likely to come on board and
M4A1 PART A Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
M4A1 PART A - Essay Example Schein (2010) has rightly affirmed that a common pattern of basic assumptions should be shared among the group members so that they can effectively solve the problems; when everyone has the same set of values and norms, then internal integration and external adaptation becomes easier and it has worked positively for the overall organization. The new members of an organization should be taught the same way of perceiving, thinking and feeling about the problems so that the conflicts are avoided. Hence, it is stated by Schein that an effective manager has to ensure that he/she advances in the organizational studies by observing the real behavior of the workforce which are labeled as values, assumptions and artifacts (Bohlander & Snell, 2007). According to Jung et al. (2009), Schein categorized the signals of cultures and subcultures in three stages; the first stage is known as ‘artifacts’ which are the attributes that are evident as they can be heard, felt and seen such as dressing style, communication medium, tone of voice, stories and etc. Artifacts are in the form of company’s mission, slogans, written communication mediums and slogans; all of them are easy for observation but challenging for deciphering (Cameron & Quinn, 2011). The second stage is known as ‘values’ which is slightly complicated in nature but are observable to a certain extent. For instance, during the interview process, a manager can make some judgment about the candidate’s values by observing him/her. Finally, in the third stage which is known as ‘basic assumptions’ are the most difficult ones to be observed as they are deeply embedded in the person’s behavior. They behavior becomes evident when the person starts working in the organization. Hence, all of these stages combine to define the attention aspect for the HR manager because it
Wednesday, October 16, 2019
Global Talent Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1
Global Talent - Assignment Example Becker, Huselid & Ulrich (2001) found that accessibility problems can arise in many forms including accessibility of value-added metric to acquire and accessibility of the value added by the metric after it has been acquired. In the current context, issue of accessing the value that the metric add to the organization after it has been acquired is what is being focused. In such a situation where there is lack of accessibility to value-added metrics, the first point of call in overcoming the situation should be the organizational structure. This is because where there is a bureaucratic and overly centralized organization structure, the flow of resources and even information across all quarters of the organization becomes highly limited. As a result of this, it is very difficult that all members within the organization can have a feel of the value added to the HR activity by the new metric. For example when the metric is used to collect data about employees, it could be that the outcome of such data will not be made known to the employees. In such a situation, chances are that employees can resist any future implementation of new metrics. This is because the employees will not have any basis on which they can justify or testify to the benefits of the metric. But where there is an open system being operated where the outcome of the value added by the metric is openly discussed, implementation will not be problem because all employees are likely to come on board and
Tuesday, October 15, 2019
Discussion 11- economics- span of control Assignment
Discussion 11- economics- span of control - Assignment Example Initially, Windows CE targeted handheld computers. However, with the purchase of Web TV networks Microsoft will be able to make Windows CE an operating system for the whole consumer electronic world. The new operating system would conquer the electronic world from cable set top boxes to DVD players to internet telephones. Integrating Windows CE and Web TV will make consumer electronic companies such as Sony and Phillips to adopt windows CE as their multi-purpose operating system for their products. Purchasing Web TV would make Microsoft continue to stay on top of the market because the ‘new smart consumer goods’ would be cheaper but only operate on Microsoft platforms. The main span of control issues that may face the purchase of WebTV by Microsoft mainly relate to coordination of functions and divisions of the new company. Since Microsoft is buying WebTV technologies, span of control issues might include hierarchy of authority in term of coordinating subordinates. Since Microsoft may still service from WebTV in managing the new technologies, a major span of control issue would be to coordinate activities of people, functions and divisions with a clear hierarchy of authority. However, proper integrations and agreements during the purchase can help control some of the span of control
Debt in Australia, Monetary Policy Essay Example for Free
Debt in Australia, Monetary Policy Essay Introduction It is imperative that the Australian households’ debt have noticeably risen over the past two decades, and is currently rated high according to international standards. The sharp increase in housing debt has been the reason for the rise in the household debt. Increased availability of housing finance, strong demand for debt from investors, and lower interest rates are the main drivers of the rising housing debt. The households’ net worth and servicing ratios will be discussed in this paper as the impacts on the higher household debt levels. The impacts of the instability in global capital markets will be discussed in this paper in relation to the housing finance market in Australia. Lastly, the implications of the rising household debt will be discussed in relation to the financial stability and monetary policy. Trends in household debt It is important to note that Australian households had a fairly stable ratio of debt to disposable income at approximately 45% during the 1980s. However, rapid rise in the ratio of debt to disposable income was recorded since 1990, with it reaching optimum of 157% in December 2007. The bulk of the increase was accounted for by the housing debt, that is, over the period, the ratio of the housing debt to disposable income rose to 134% from 31%. It was also recorded over the same period, a rise in the ratio of personal debt to disposable income to 22% from 13%. A sharp rise in the ratio of debts to assets was recorded at 17% in December 2007, from 8% in December 1989 (Wilkins Wooden, 2009). A sharp rise in household indebtedness in a number of advanced economies has been witnessed over the last two decades. It is however, noted that the increase in household debt in Australia is pronounced. The Australia’s ratio in household debt to income was recorded as the highest in December 2007 despite Australia recording as one of the countries with the household debt lowest ratio to disposable income among advanced economies in the late 1980s. It is also imperative to point out that among advanced economies; Australia rose from the bottom position to the middle number in terms of the ratio of household debt to assets over the same period (Berry Dalton, 2009). Housing finance market Focus on the housing finance market is emphasized in this paper because the housing debt in households’ total debt is dominant. An average of 15% in the annual growth in housing debt was recorded since 1990. In the periods, 1988-1989, 1994, and 2002-2004 strong growth in housing debt was recorded. This strong growth in the growth in housing debt was faster than the growth in the disposable income of households over the same period that stood at an average of 6% only (Berry Dalton, 2009). Significant growth in house prices accompanied the sharp increase in the housing debt. Over the period 1987 and 1988, the house prices doubled, however, during the first half of the 1990s the house prices drifted slowly higher, with the house prices doubling more between 1997 and late 2003. Continuous increase in aggregate house prices was recorded since late 2003; however, the trend varies markedly across the country, for instance, house prices in Perth increased strongly, while the house prices in Sydney decreased over time. The boom in resources supports the varied trends in house prices across the country (Berry Dalton, 2009). A number of factors accounts to the rising house debt in Australia over the past years, with lower interest rates accounting for high borrowing by the households whenever they take their housing loan out. This trend has been responsible for the rise in the average size of new loans, which results into the rise in the average size of outstanding loans over time. The availability of housing finance has resulted into the rise in the capacity of households to borrow finances (Wilkins Wooden, 2009). Financial health of households It is noted that the historic sharp increase in the Australia’s disposable income in December 2007 was accounted by the strong rise in the housing debt in Australia over the past fifteen years. It was however, pointed out that only a few households had difficulties in repaying their debt obligations, despite the historic sharp increase in the housing debt in December 2007 (Berry Dalton, 2009). Impact of the turbulence in global capital market It is significant to note that the housing finance market in Australia has suffered greatly as a result of the global capital markets’ turbulence. This is because half of the total funding for financial institutions in Australia is accounted for by the deposits. The foreign and domestic capital markets the balance in the Australian financial institutions. There has been significant rise in the mortgage rates, and significant change in the markets shares from lenders, due to this, there is limited restriction to the overall supply of housing finance (Berry Dalton, 2009). Significant reduction in some forms of capital market funding as well as significant rise in the most of the forms of capital market funding have resulted from the turbulence in the financial market. It is however, noted that the impact of the financial market turbulence have been felt in a number of securitization markets. Securitization markets over the past decade or so, have established itself into as a significant source of funding for housing loans in Australia. In mid 2007 for example, outstanding securitization housing finance loans had accounted for 23% (Wilkins Wooden, 2009). This was a significant rise from the mid 1990s 5% housing finance loans that were securitized. A number of loans from mortgage originators were being securitized. Institutions like credit union, regional banks, and building societies had adopted securitization of their loans since it was a cost effective way of wholesale funding (Wilkins Wooden, 2009). The onset of the global financial turbulence in July 2007, led to significant close of the securitization market. There were significant rise prime residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS) to 75 basis points in December 2007 from approximately 15 basis points in mid-2007. It is imperative to point out that Australia’s Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities (RMBS) accounted for the issuance of a number of Australian Asset-backed Securities (ABS) that extends on AAA-rated senior tranches (Berry Dalton, 2009). There was significant spread in the subordinated AAA-rated tranches that increased to approximately 110 basis points from approximately 20 basis points. It is significant to point out that despite the sharp increase in the spreads, investors in Australia has never encountered losses on rated Australian RMBS, coupled with the housing market in Australia remaining healthy. The investors have become more concerned with the product itself, as discounts are attached to all the sales of securitized products. The selling of residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS) by several structured investment vehicles (SIVs) has also created excess supply in the secondary market (Berry Dalton, 2009). Implications for financial stability and monetary policy It significant to point out the access to credit by the household sector has greatly increased courtesy of financial innovation and deregulation. The households in Australia have become more comfortable to take loans owing to the ongoing strong performance of the economy (Berry Dalton, 2009).  The balance sheets of households have remained in good health despite the significant rise in the household debt; this has resulted into significant rise in asset-value capable of offsetting the rise in debt. It is also significant to note that macroeconomic conditions in the economy are also favorable. References Berry, M., Dalton, T. (2009). Mortgage default in Australia nature, causes and social and economic impacts. Melbourne: AHURI. Wilkins, R., Wooden, M. (2009). Household Debt In Australia: The Looming Crisis That Isnt. Australian Economic Review , 42(3), 358-366.
Monday, October 14, 2019
The Term Media Convergence Media Essay
The Term Media Convergence Media Essay What is meant by the term media convergence with regard to technology, and how has it affected everyday life? Media convergence brings technologies such as a computing, and communication, together, which is very important in businesses today. This reach, makes the everyday lives of individuals easier since they now have much easier access to information on the things or products that they want and need. The combining of these different technologies, allows a longer more intuitive reach of businesses among its markets. Some industry leaders see media convergence as marking the letting go of the old media of print and broadcasting. Then the rise of the new media; this is what makes the world go around, now and days. We depend on way to much technology in todays society; that if one major thing broke, we would surely be hurting. Media convergence has affected everyday life by making news easier to access. Instead of needing to watch TV or read a magazine to learn the days events, you can now go to the TV stations website and get headlines in real time. Media convergence is not just a shift or a process; it also includes shifts within the industrial and social aspects, which encourage the consumer to seek out information. Convergence is how individual consumers interact with each other on a level and use different media platforms to create new and better experiences, new forms of media that connect us socially, and not just to other consumers, but to the have more producers of media in ways that have not been as accessible in the past. What is meant by the term media convergence with regard to business, and how has it affected everyday life? Media convergence means that the lines are getting blurred between the traditional forms of media and they are almost becoming one. A decade ago, there were clear differences between different print media, TV, the internet in general. Now look at things: News papers and TV have web sites. Those web sites deliver news in almost real time complete with moving video and feeds formatted for smart phones. Movies are now available streaming on the internet TV shows are now available streaming on the internet. Viewers can participate in TV shows in real time via social media. Things are all converging into one big mass media. The electricity of the gadgets affects your focus, and it would let you sleep tight. The media convergence is something that the suppliers should offer cheap and not expensive to swindle the public. Faster speed would not give you faster delivery to your clients. Long calls are not mindful, stay tuned all day to the TV, wont give you better relationships, instead, you will become obese, lazy and full of debts , buying all the stuff of the advertising. These are just some ways that media convergence could affect in todays society. I am sure there are other ways of explaining this, but I find it a hard question to answer all the way around; considering being in a business model environment; is something I have yet to be in, so far. What are some of the issues that result from dependency on modern media? Describe at least three issues. High level of inaccuracies seems to be a major fault in the media today. This is where we get falsified information; and we tend to grasp a hold to that information as if it were the truth. According to various different studies, a large percentage of the public find error in the news stories of their daily news stories. This happens more than once in a week, while more see spelling mistakes, more often than usual. Also another large percentage of individuals, have found to become wearier of their local news and news papers. Poor coverage of important issues is another factor that plays a role in how media is affecting us negatively in the world. Our main focus should be the environment, economy, the government, education, etc. But the media tends to stray away from a lot of the good in this and just report the bad. I am guessing the bad is what is good for ratings? It seems that the major news and magazines have declined, while entertainment and actors/actresses have doubled. The me dia tends to have a short attention span as well. Seems now and days, in our society, the news media are more focused on news that isnt as important to their viewers. And they seem to ignore serious problems for a long period of time, and then they finally notice. Once they notice they try to get a solution to resolve the issue, and it is not easily fixed, and once again it gets ignored. How does media literacy help with responsible media consumption? Media Literacy A definition and framework for media literacy comes from Wikipedia. Powerful Voices for Kids Summer Media Literacy Program Media literacy is the process of accessing, analyzing, evaluating and creating messages in a wide variety of forms. It uses an inquiry-based instructional model that encourages people to ask questions about what they watch, see and read. Media literacy education is one means of developing media literacy. It provides tools to help people critically analyze messages to detect propaganda, censorship, and bias in news and public affairs programming (and the reasons for such), and to understand how structural features such as media ownership, or its funding model affect the information presented. Media literacy aims to enable people to be skillful creators and producers of media messages, both to facilitate an understanding as to the strengths and limitations of each medium, as well as to create independent media. Media literacy is an expanded concept ualization of literacy. By transforming the process of media consumption into an active and critical process, people gain greater awareness of the potential for misrepresentation and manipulation (especially through commercials and public relations techniques), and understand the role of mass media and participatory media in constructing views of reality. Media literacy educators strive to address a balance between protection and empowerment. Protectionist approaches to media literacy emphasize the need to be aware of the negative aspects of mass media and popular culture, including the dangers and risks of online social media. Empowerment approaches emphasize building media awareness, promoting critical analysis of media texts, tools and technologies, and using image, language, sound and digital media for self-expression, communication and social advocacy. Media literacy educators have neither utopian nor dystopian views about the potential of digital and social media to transform K-12 education. They emphasize the both value of analyzing media texts, tools and technologies and the practice of composing using multimedia forms, genres and technologies.
Sunday, October 13, 2019
Chavez: Weakening Democracy Essay -- Government
What is democracy? According to the online version of the Miriam Webster dictionary, democracy is "government by the people" also "is a government in which supreme power is invested by the people and it is exercised by the people directly or indirectly through a representational system in which periodically held free elections." Venezuela as well as other countries in Latin America has undergone constant changes in their democracy, produced by their rulers. The primary function of the government is to ensure the safety of the state, its territory and its inhabitants. Also their objective is to strength the democratic institutions that ensure the democratic liberties and rights. Unfortunately, not all the leaders are capable of respecting these functions and get corrupted by the power granted by the people, or they simply came to power with the idea of governing for their benefit and not for the benefit of its citizens. President Chavez is no exception to the rule, after being impri soned for a failed coup against Carlos Andres Perez in 1992 which was provoked by the severe economic situation that affected the country in the 90's. In this essay, I would like to present the premise that Hugo Chavez Frias, even though was selected by the people and still today has the support of the majority of the people, has been constantly weakening the democracy in Venezuela. To support this argument I am going to present chronological examples of the different actions committed by Chavez and his government since his ascension to power in 1998. Hugo Chavez, a former lieutenant colonel in the militia resulted president in 1998. Shortly after having come to power instead of focusing on solving the precarious economic situation in which the cou... ... Works Cited Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster. Web. 21 Apr. 2012. . Schuyler, George W. (2001), "Health and Neoliberalism: Venezuela and Cuba" (PDF), retrieved April 21, 2012 Corrales, Javier. "A Setback For Chavez." Journal of Democracy 1st ser. 22 (2011): 122-36. Print. "Comparing Democratic Institutions in Venezuela and Canada." Venezuela News, Views, and Analysis. Web. 21 Apr. 2012. . Kornblith, Miriam, and Vinay Jawahar. "Elections versus Democracy." Journal of Democracy 16.1 (2005): 124-37. Print. Corrales, Javier. â€Å"Hugo Boss†Foreign Policy (2006), No. 152. pp. 32-40. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25461989 Corrales, Javier, and Michael. Penfold-Becerra. "Venezuela: Crowding Out the Opposition." Journal of Democracy 18.2 (2007): 99-113. Print.
Friday, October 11, 2019
Indonesian Defense Strategy :: Indonesia Military Technology War Essays
Indonesian Defense Strategy A. Background Indonesian President Megawati Sukarnoputri signed a little-publicized deal at the end of April to purchase four Russia fighter jets and two helicopters as part of a much larger potential order. The decision to buy from Russia was a subject to a United States ban on military purchases; this marks a small but significant shift from Indonesia’s current dependence on United States’ military hardware. The Indonesian military is suffering from acute lack of supplies and parts for its heavy amour as well for light equipment. The United States’ imposed embargo on Indonesia since 1999 has rendered the country’s military equipment and apparatus partly redundant, leaving Indonesia, once a military might in the South East Asian region desperately behind its neighbors. The United States Congressional bans were first put in place in 1991 after the infamous Santa Cruz massacre of pro-independence civilian supporters in East Timor. They were further tightened in 1999, fol lowing the involvement of the Indonesian armed forces (Tentara Nasional Indonesia) in the rampages by pro-Jakarta militia in East Timor. This is not the first time that Indonesia turns to Russia for military hardware supports, as it matter of fact, history has recorded the rise and fall of Russian armaments in Indonesia as an inseparable part of the rise and fall of bilateral relationship between the two. From late 1950s to early 1960s, Indonesia was mainly dependent on Soviet’s arms. At that time Indonesia was in campaign for the reclaim of West Papua, consequently, it needed a large number of weaponry. But United States were reluctant to sell any to Indonesia, because it did not make any sense if they sell weapons that would be used to fight against Dutch, their own ally. Soviet, on the other hand, was being kind to give arms support that would be paid in long-term and low-interest rate debt. The military equipment received from Soviet, especially for the navy, was so enormous that Indonesia became on of the sea power of Asia. But then, relationships between the two got worsen in late 1960s, and Indonesia was having a hard time in maintaining its military power, particularly to keep up with the advance of military technology. Now, almost a half-century afterward, military friendship between Indonesia and Russia revived again. In time of need, Indonesia turns again to Russia. As it mater of fact, Indonesia is facing a hard time dealing with United States’ military embargo.
Police Brutality in NYC
such incidents may exist. With increased attention being paid to incidents of police brutality, lawsuits being brought against both the officers and the government for which they work, and a focus on the psychological conditions that may affect those officers that violently abuse citizens, there is hope that police brutality can be better understood, reduced, and eventually eradicated. When Americans think of the history of police brutality, there are several historical events that form the backdrop for this social problem.Although thousands f undocumented and unrecorded incidents of police brutality undoubtedly have occurred, it was not until the advent of videotape that Americans who previously had no knowledge of police brutality began to truly understand this issue. The Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s was accompanied by many incidents of police brutality committed against African Americans and their supporters. The pictures and videos of these incidents, broadcast on national television, included nonviolent protestors being tear-gassed, beaten with billy clubs, and even sprayed with fire hoses.In February 2012 in New York City, an amateur video posted online shows four New York City police officers kicking and punching a nineteen year old man who was laying on the ground unarmed. His mother said that her son required staples in his head and arm. Jatiek Reed, the nineteen year old Bronx resident, who has suffered from constant headaches and nightmares since then, announced he was requesting a special prosecutor to investigate. Reed's attorney said the Bronx district attorneys office wasn't capable of investigating because its close relationship with police.The fficers involved have been placed on desk duty and their guns and shields have been removed while the New York Police Department investigated, according to US News Online in 02/09/2012 and AP Regional State Report-New York City, 02/0112012. Many police killings receive little mention in the media. T herefore, the topic usually goes unnoticed by general public until an incident hits home or a major tragedy occurs. According to recent statistics by October 22nd Coalition to Stop Police Brutality, 21 people were killed by New York police throughout 2012, averaging two killings per onth.It increased the previous year's sum by seven fatalities. The same statistic shows that nearly 90 percent of those killed were Black or Hispanic. Last year's victims of police shooting varied in age: Antwoine White, 17 years old, was killed in Bushwick, Brooklyn, on January 29; Ramarley Graham, 18 years old, was slain in his own Bronx bathroom Just four days later. On August 24, Jeffrey Johnson, 58 years old, was shot dead by the New York Police Department outside the Empire State Building after killing a former co-worker he had a grudge against.Shereese Francis was killed in the basement of her house in Queens. The New York Police Officers used excessive force by pressing her face into a mattress w hile handcuffing her, causing her to suttocate. Then on June an e Davis was snot in a vehicle in East Flatbush, Brooklyn. There was no weapon involved and she didn't represent any threat to the police to warrant the use of deadly force. (New York Amsterdam News from January 31 to February 06, 2013). Still, though, the Justice Department has failed to prosecute the vast majority of police brutality cases.This problem stems from, among other things, difficulty in proving allegations, absent evidence such as unbiased eyewitness testimony, or videotape recordings of the abuse. Also, there exists a perception in society that police officers are to be believed and trusted. Because such a high percentage of police officers can be trusted and do not engage in police brutality, Juries and Judges often encounter difficulty in disbelieving an officer's testimony that he or she did not abuse a citizen. Most people who become police officers do so because they ave a strong desire to protect thei r communities and its citizens.They work hard and receive appropriate training on how to handle a wide variety of situations, both ordinary and dangerous. Unfortunately, despite the fact that most police officers work very hard to keep their communities safe and provide a good example to its citizens, there are some individuals who abuse the power and authority they receive as a result of their positions in law enforcement. Sadly, allegations of police brutality are not uncommon, with many accusations coming from people in poor eighborhoods, minority neighborhoods, and major cities.Because police forces are governmental entities, common citizens–either individually or through their elected officials–do have a say in how their local police force is operated. If police departments make attempts to increase sensitivity and participate in training designed to reduce violence, and if groups of citizens actively work to encourage their local police departments to reduce viol ence and adopt enforceable early warning systems, police brutality can be reduced.However, while the vast majority of olice officers are good and honest people, the problem of police brutality is significant enough that it cannot be ignored. Sources Citations: Ethnic News Watch 21 killed by the NYPD in 2012. (2013, ). New York Amsterdam News. Retrieved fromhttp://www.proquest.com/connect/https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T98899 https://learnaboutrussia.wordpress.com/2009/12/13/hermitage-museum/http://weblib. ucc. edu:2233/ic/ovic/NewsDetailsPage/NewsDetailsWindow? e=&scanld=&documentld=GALE
Thursday, October 10, 2019
Genetically Modified Foods: a Growing Concern Essay
Living in America, we sometimes forget what a huge problem malnutrition and starvation are in other parts of the world. It’s estimated that over 852 million people in the world are severely food deprived. Now, imagine a world where no one goes hungry, a farmer’s crop can survive a long drought or an early frost and still produce a large harvest, and harmful insects and weeds cannot survive in the same field as a crop. Imagine a world where malnutrition and vitamin deficiencies are a thing of the past, because the food we eat is so much more nutritious. Some scientists believe that, through new technology, this world could be a reality in our lifetime. I’m talking about genetically modified foods, or GM foods for short. People have been genetically altering foods for hundreds of years, but due to recent technological advancements, the potential of these foods have changed drastically. Many scientists believe that genetically modifying foods could help end world hunger while others say that it could result in human and environmental catastrophe. Although there are many potential risks there are also many potential benefits. Like the old saying goes, â€Å"with great power comes great responsibility. †Like almost all new technologies, genetically modified food technology needs to be closely monitored and evaluated as it progresses. Ultimately, genetically modified food technology has too much potential to be completely halted. So just what exactly is genetically modified food? In short, genetically modified foods are organisms that have had their DNA artificially changed to give them a new characteristic. Normally, these modifications are made to produce plants that are resistant to herbicides and pesticides, produce more food, have more nutrients, grow faster, or survive in harsher climates than usual. However, there have also been more unusual experiments done. According to American Scientist Magazine, a gene from a jellyfish has been spliced into plants to make them emit light. In another case the Monsanto Corporation (the largest genetically modified food company in the world) is developing grass seed that will produce different colored lawns. These altered organisms are commonly called genetically engineered, genetically modified, transgenic, or â€Å"Franken-foods†. Genetically engineered foods first went on the market in 1994. The product was a tomato engineered by a company called Calgene. The species of the tomato was called the FlavrSavr. Ironically, it was considered to have a mediocre flavor and never sold well. The FlavrSavr was a commercial failure and was off the market by 1997. Despite the early failure of the FlavrSavr, GM foods have flourished in the last ten years. Odds are you’ve eaten many genetically modified foods and not even known it. Currently, The Grocery Manufacturers of America estimate that 75% of processed foods in the U. S. contain at least one genetically modified ingredient. Although, genetically engineered foods have only been in production for the last 15 years, humans have been altering the DNA of plants for ages. For centuries, people have been using artificial selection to cross-breed plants. For example, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, and cabbage have all derived from the same species of mustard. However, the process of artificial selection is very difficult and time consuming. Artificial selection is also limited to only plants of similar species. Fortunately, recent advancements in technology have made it possible to move DNA from one species to another regardless of their differences. The process behind GM foods is very difficult and complex, so this is a very simplified explanation of how it works. There are two main methods of genetically modifying foods. The first method uses bacteria to modify the DNA. First, the scientist uses enzymes to cut the desired gene out of the DNA. The gene is then coupled by a promoter and a terminator, these act as signposts to show the beginning and the end of the desired gene. Next, the gene is inserted into section of DNA called a plasmid. The plasmid is then inserted into bacteria. Finally, the bacteria are used to infect the plant cells, where they transfer the gene into the plant cell’s chromosome. The second method is more advanced but also more expensive than the first method. Here, the desired gene is cut from the DNA then attached to a tiny particle of gold or tungsten. Next, the particles are shot into the plant cells using a particle gun or â€Å"biolistic†gun. Lastly, the desired gene falls off of the particle and attaches to the chromosome. After insertion is achieved, the cell is allowed to divide so it makes copies of itself. Once the plants start to grow, they are tested to see if the gene was successfully transferred. Along with the original desired gene, a marker gene is also implanted in the cell. This is used as an easily identifiable trait. This way, all the scientist needs to do is look for this trait and if it is there then they know the desired gene was transferred successfully too. Through those two methods, scientists have been able to do amazing things. The potential benefits of genetically modifying foods are incredible. First off, there are many obvious benefits for the farmer. Their crops will be better because of advantages like herbicide tolerance and insect resistance. Another thing is that GM crops are being altered to withstand harsher weather and generate more food. Also, the farmer doesn’t have to spray his field as much, cutting down on the amount of fuel he uses. It’s estimated that GM foods have indirectly allowed farmers to cut back by 475 million gallons of fuel over the past nine years, which cuts down on greenhouse gas emissions. There are even more benefits for the consumer. Because of increased production, there is more food, which in turn means cheaper food. Also, genetic engineering makes it possible for foods to taste better and be more nutritious. In fact, scientists at The University of Pittsburg School of Medicine recently engineered a pig that generates Omega-3 fatty acids. Omega-3’s are substances that help prevent cardiovascular disease. If this is approved by the FDA we could soon have pork that is actually good for your heart. Another group of scientists have created what they call â€Å"golden rice. †This is rice that contains beta carotene and vitamin A. Many nations rely heavily on rice as their main food source and this will immensely help those people get the nutrients they need. Another crop has been created that ripens much slower after being picked, so it can be shipped longer distances before rotting. Even with all of these benefits, genetically modified foods are still very controversial. Many people think GM foods are very dangerous and could result in human and environmental catastrophe. Some critics think that, much like bacteria that become resistant to antibiotics, insects could become resistant to the pesticides used on GM crops, making them more difficult to deal with in the future. Also, new plants could produce new allergens and toxins that the human body is unfamiliar with. The majority of GM foods being produced are resistant to herbicides. Researchers believe that this will cause farmers to use more herbicides on their crops. In turn, this could result in pollution that could be harmful to humans and the environment. Another concern is that, through cross-pollination, weeds and other plants could pick up the modified gene and become resistant to the very chemicals that are used to kill them. Although there seems to be many concerns over genetically modifying foods, no study has been done that shows any major risk associated with GM foods. The genetically modified food business continues to steadily grow despite public ignorance and uncertainty. Between 1996 and 2003 the amount of land being used to grow GM plants was increased by 40 times over. It is estimated that over 200 million acres of farm land are now devoted to growing GM plants. In 2000, only three countries made up for 98% of the global GM crop. America produces 68%, Argentina accounts for 23%, and Canada is responsible for 7%. Recently European governments and businesses have been pushing to boost their own GM food production. Nevertheless, according to a recent survey by The Pew Initiative on Food and Biotechnology, Americans are still very uncomfortable with GM foods. The survey showed that the majority of Americans know little to nothing about genetically engineered plants and animals, but it also showed that American consumers do not support banning the new technology, but rather want regulations put in place to ensure that the new products are safe. Regardless of how the public feels, we can expect to see more genetically modified foods in the future and exponential growth in the biotechnology business. Some ideas that developers have already mentioned are bananas that produce human vaccines against infectious diseases, fish that mature quicker, fruit and nut trees that mature quicker, and plants that produce new plastics that have unique properties. As soon as more long-term research is done we can expect to see an explosion of unique new GM products on the market. Ultimately, genetically modified plant technology has too much potential to be completely halted. Right now, most scientists agree that there is no proof that GM foods pose any threat to people or the environment. With proper evaluation and responsibility, genetically modified foods could help solve world hunger. That is a goal too great to be ignored because of possible threats. There are many potential risks associated with GM foods, but the potential benefits far outweigh them. Works Cited Black, Richard. â€Å"Europe Urged to Embrace GM Foods. †BBC News. 12 Sept. 2004. 15 April 2006 . Chaudry, Arshad. â€Å"Genetically Modified Foods. †BioTeach. 16 April. 2006 . Eat This. †Penn & Teller: Bullshit!. Dir. Mark Wolper. Perf. Pen Jillette and Teller. 2003. DVD. Showtime Entertainment. 2004. Fagan Ph. D. , John B. â€Å"Genetically Engineered Food- a Serious Health Risk. †NetLink. 15 April 2006 . Flynn, Kara. â€Å"Trade War over Biotech Food: Now, Later, or Never. †Pew Initiative on Food and Biotechnology. 13 Feb. 2003. 16 Apr. 2006 â€Å"Genetically Modified Food. †Wikipedia. 16 Apr. 2006. 17 Apr. 2006 Lemonick, Michael D. â€Å"Eat Pork, Prevent Heart Disease?. †TIME Magazine. 27 Mar. 2006. Marvier, Michelle. â€Å"Ecology of Transgenic Crops. †American Scientist Magazine 89 (Mar. 2001): 160-167. Nash/Zurich, J. Madeleine. â€Å"Grains of Hope. †TIME Magazine. 31 July 2000. Rifkin, Jeremy. â€Å"Biotech Century: Playing Ecological Roulette with Mother Nature’s Designs. †The Presence of Others. Ed. Andrea A Lundsford and John J. Ruszkiewicz. 4th ed. Boston: Bedford/ St. Martin’s, 2004 287-97.
Wednesday, October 9, 2019
Nursing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
Nursing - Research Paper Example For example, the abstract concludes by the statement that qualitative and quantitative differences in the sialylation of superficial glycolipids in CF epithelial cells may contribute to the colonization of CF lung by P.aeruginosa. This creates suspense on the reader and a desire to read more of the article. Introduction: The introduction provides sufficient information concerning the study since it identifies the significance of the study. This is portrayed in last paragraph where Saiman and Prince (1993) identify the purpose of the research as to prove that asioloGM1 is a receptor of P. aeruginosa and it plays a role in increasing the surface of CF respiratory epithelial cells (p. 1875). The introduction outlines the contents of the study, and it identifies various terms used in the study. Terms such as cystic fibrosis trans membrane and pulmonary failure are identified. The major weakness of the introduction is that it doesn’t identify the methods of conducting the study and the problem statement. The purpose of the study is clearly identified in the introduction that is to prove that asioloGM1 is a receptor of P. aeruginosa and it plays a role in the surface increase of CF respiratory epithelial cells. The authors have used the population and the variable of the title in the introduction and the body of the article. For instance, P. aeruginosa has been identified as the basis of the articles research in the introduction (Saiman and Prince, 1993, p.1876), and they give the properties of the medical condition. The authors have succeeded in highlighting how P. aeruginosa affects C.F epithelial cells by increasing their surface. Basing on this, the authors have succeeded in integrating the population and its variable in the text.... The article does not have a section labeled literature review, however, in the introduction part of the paper, the authors have used the term various â€Å"studies†to denote that they have used other sources in coming with the results of the study. A major weakness in this is that they do not mention the studies they are quoting in the introductory part; therefore it is difficult to know the source of their literature review. This article contains clearly labeled theoretical framework section and the framework seems appropriate since no framework from nursing libraries could be located to guide the production of this particular kind of study. From the study, there are three assumptions made by the two authors. The authors have not provided challenges and limitations they encountered while conducting this study. This study has a broad implication for many areas of nursing such as nursing education, administration and practice. In administration, the nursing fraternity should support the conduction of research in areas highlighted by the text, and nurses should be trained on how to deal with the mentioned medical condition. this is a well-structured article, with proper identification of the scope of the conducted research. The authors have partly achieved the objective of their study, which is to prove that asioloGM1 is a receptor of P.aeruginosa. The researchers have also properly used APA citation techniques, and all in text citations are in the references section and due to these facts, I will strongly recommend a colleague to read it.
Tuesday, October 8, 2019
Poems Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Poems - Assignment Example It is same for everyone. Titanic by David R. Slavitt is an emotional poem that takes the reader back to the historical tragedy of Titanic, the ship, which drowned because of striking against an ice glacier. The poem takes the theme of celebrated death in consideration. According to Slavitt, death at Titanic was a celebrated death as people died with some companions as they were â€Å"with crowds of people, friends, servants, well fed, with music, with light†. The poet emphasizes that usually people die alone as he says, â€Å"We all go down, mostly alone†but in Titanic, people were with many others. The metaphor of cold water as anesthetic is used in order to reveal the numbness of both for the people. Death was easier to come because of the numbness of cold water. The phrase, â€Å"We all go†that is used multiple times in the poem is again revealing about the inevitability of death. On my father’s loss of hearing written by Joanne Diaz informs about the blessings that deaf people have in an ironic tone. The theme of the poem is deafness and loss. the speaker informs about his father who has lost his hearing power. The speaker counts the blessings that his father has because of being deaf. He is unable to hear annoying sounds such as sounds of â€Å"phone calls†, â€Å"crack of thawing ice†and â€Å"scrape of his dull rake†. He is blessed because he has to bear â€Å"no noisome cruelty, no baffled rage, no ageing children sullen in their lack†. He is free from all these sufferings. He is not disabled but â€Å"abled
Monday, October 7, 2019
HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT - Essay Example There can be three different time horizons according to Jackson and Schuler (1990) for which human resource planning can take place – short-term (up to one year), intermediate term (one to three years) and long-term (more than three years). Since it is a growing trend by UK based companies to employ Indian executives for their overseas branches, the planning suggested here is on a long-term basis. Typically there are four phases of human resource planning – collection of data which helps to forecast the human resource demand, the human resource objectives have then to be established, then comes the designing and implementation phase where the organization achieves the human resource objectives (which means staffing, appraising, compensating and training) and finally these programs will have to be monitored and evaluated (Appendix A). For such planning an assessment of the macro environment is necessary both in India and the UK. In addition, the skill requirement has to be assessed as technological change is an ongoing process (MDR, 1997). The specific skill requirement, the unskilled and semi-skill have to be assessed in addition to the qualification of the present employees. The local employment market and the competition has to be assessed which would help in deciding at what stages it would be possible to get skilled people. The micro environment of the industry will give information about employee turnover, the prevalent salary, other terms of employment including promotions and transfers. In today’s world compensation packages do not matter and what matters is to have a talent powered organization consisting of highly motivated, skilled and loyal employees (Gordon, 2002). The recruitment activity requires making employment oppurtunities known to qualified individuals in a manner that proper job specifications are communicated. The required employee qualifications also need to be
Sunday, October 6, 2019
Project management Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2
Project management - Coursework Example That is, business would go on as usual without interruption. Renovating such an old building considering the extent of the damage while at the same time worrying about the safety of millions of passengers passing by, posed a great challenge (Badiru 2009, pp. 71-78) Second, it was challenging to install sustainable resource utilization systems like new water systems considering that the building was constructed using old and outdated materials. Third, the project’s size and scale made it difficult to manage the suppliers effectively due to communication breakdown. The project had more than dozen employees and 11 suppliers reporting to the project manager. As a result, effective communication was compromised. Fourth, it was challenging to replace the network system in the terminal since the systems currently used by the passengers and flight systems would be shut down during the process. As mentioned the renovation was to take place without interrupting the usual activities. The network system replacement process was also a challenge (Larson, Gray, Danlin, Honig & Bacarini 2013, pp. 77-100). Despite the above mentioned and other challenges, strategies were formulated to ensure effective utilization of resources. The strategies comprise of the following: first, the project manager was strict on gauging the performance of different stakeholders with the standards set by BAA Airport Ltd. The strategy enhanced the performance of the suppliers, workers, and the contractor. Second, even though it was impossible to overhaul the water system, the contractors were able to replace lights and heaters with those that economically consume electricity. Third, the network system was improved without disrupting the usual activities at the terminal by use of â€Å"Online change control†software built by IT specialists. The strategies facilitated the delivery of project
Saturday, October 5, 2019
Final Project Milestone Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words
Final Project Milestone - Assignment Example This painting illustrated the difficult childhood life of an isolated, young, black, Bermudian male. Another painting, mixed media on canvas, referred to as the Trickle Down Economy, 2012, also caught my eye. This interesting art piece was a representation of plants on the ocean rocks dependent on rain and sun for their survival. This was symbolic as most Bermudians are dependent on outside sources-international business and tourism-for their survival. The most interesting art piece, apart from the ones mentioned above, was the mosaic sculpture, Frozen Time, done by Jackie Stevenson. This sculpture illustrates one of Bermuda’s exotic fish species, the parrot fish, which is the most colorful reef fish. The medium of mosaic used in this sculpture has in some way, brought to shore, the magic, the colorfulness and the inspiring nature of the fish. In her work, the Frozen Time sculptor piece, Jackie Stevenson curves out Bermuda’s famous, exotic fish, the parrot fish-red reef fish. In this art work, Jackie Stevenson uses small square pieces of glass of various colors as the sculpture’s motif. Jackie Stevenson uses white, green, blue, and clear pebbles to design the fish’s tail. ... It is worth noting that, in the sculptor, the white pebbles are dominant as opposed to the clear, green and light-blue pebbles used in designing the fish tail. The artist uses mirror-like, square piece to decorate the wing of the parrot fish. Using white, sand-like substance, Jackie Stevenson, designs the fishes mouth. This substance is tightly packed on the external surface to create a parrot-like beak just as that of a real parrot fish. It is clear that, Jackie Stevenson first curved the parrot fish using stone or concrete and later, mounts the multi-colored glass-like pieces and pebbles to illustrate the color pattern exhibited by real parrot fish. This sculpture is close to 40 cm in length just as the size of the majority of parrot fish in real life. It is amazing how Jackie Stevenson has managed to illustrate the color pattern of this magnificent, high catching fish-parrot fish. However, there are critical question that arise with regards to how the artist has mixed various colo rs (Martin & Jacobus, 2011). Around the head and the mouth of the fish, the artist uses more green, and shades of green marble-like pieces and thus making the head area more green. This can be explained by the fact that, most parrot fish species have a green colored head, and as such, Jackie Stevenson aim might have been to illustrate the most popular type of parrot fish, the green hump head parrotfish, which are known to live in reefs since they feed mostly feed on corals. As noted earlier, the choice of using tightly packed, white, sand-like substance for the design of the fish mouth is to create a parrot-like beak just as that of a real parrot fish. Jackie Stevenson uses a wooden
Friday, October 4, 2019
Conceptual framework Essay Example for Free
Conceptual framework Essay The table1 below shows that the theories for the adoption and diffusion of an IT-based innovation. Scholar name: Theory name 1. Rogers (1983, 1995) Innovation diffusion theory 2. Moore and benbasat (1991) Perceived characteristics of innovation 3. Davis (1989) Technology acceptance model 4. K won and Zmud (1987) Diffusion/ implementation model 5. Fishbein and Ajzen’s (1975) Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) Table1 2, a list of innovation adoption theories. Davis developed the technology acceptance model in 1989. It aims to explain the determinants of computer acceptance in general the capability of the user’s behavior across a broad range of end-user computing technologies and user populations, while being parsimonious and theoretically justified (Davis 1989). The theory includes several theoretical backgrounds like adoption of innovations, the cost-benefit paradigm, expectancy theory, and self-efficacy theory. At the core of the theory is the model proposed by Davis, which focuses on the perceived usefulness of technology and perceived ease of use, which plays a significant influence in adopting innovation. Figure 1. Davis Technology Acceptance Model Davis’ TAM originated from the Fishbein and Ajzen’s Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) model (Davis, 1989). The TRA model aims â€Å"to explain a broader range of behaviors based on situation specific combinations of personal beliefs and attitudes, and the effects of beliefs of others close to the individual†(Szajna, 1996). The discussion and limitation of the theories A limitation has been found for using those theories is that â€Å"according to the research, there are only the Innovation diffusion theory (Roger, 1995) and Diffusion/ implementation model (K won and Zmud, 1987) predict the both of an individual’s adoption behavior and an organization’s adoption behavior. †(Anand Jeyaraj, Joseph W Rottam, Mary C Lacity). The others theories predict only an individual’s adoption behavior. In another words, the TAM and TRA only exam the innovation adoption from the individual blogger perspective. However, to eliminate the limitation, the author will choose using with the DOI theory together in order to deeply analyze the both innovation adoption by individual bloggers and organizations. Diffusion and Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovation Theory 1995 Diffusion is the process in which and innovation is communicated through certain channels over time among the members of a social system. It is a special type of communication, in that the messages are concerned with new ideas (Rogers 1995, 5). In his works, Rogers discusses diffusion as the transfer of innovations through different media in a specific time and into different members of the social system. He also defines communication, an important and critical part of the diffusion of innovations. He defines communication in the diffusion of innovations as a process in which participants create and share information with one another in order to reach a mutual understanding. This definition implies that communication is a process of convergence (or divergence) as two or more individuals exchange information in order to move toward each other (or apart) in meanings that they give to certain events (Rogers 1995, 6). Communication is a very important factor in the diffusion of innovations, it is a medium which must be perceived as a two way process rather as a one-way linear act, since in the diffusion of innovations, those who are yet to accept the innovations must be well adept and informed about the innovation. Blogging is a form of innovation which involves the interaction of a whole social system in the dynamic cyberspace. Corporate blog is seen as a communication method which involves the interaction of two or more individuals or even a whole social system. Diffusion is a special type of communication in which the messages are about a new idea. This newness of the idea in the message content gives diffusion its special character (Rogers 1995, 6). From these statements come new concepts such as newness, uncertainty, and information in the context of diffusion. While uncertainty is the degree to which a number of alternatives are perceived with respect to the occurrence of an event and the relative probability of alternatives. Uncertainty implies a lack of predictability, of structure, and of information. Rogers (1995) cites Rogers and Kincaid (1981) in the discussion of Information in the context of diffusion. Wherein, Information is a difference in matter-energy that affects uncertainty in a situation where a choice exists among a set of alternatives. Advances in technology, embodies information and reduces uncertainty about cause-effect relationships in problem solving. Technology is information put into use in order to carry out some task (Rogers et. al. 1999, 689) As technological advances are the major factors diffused, studies have also been conducted in relation to technological transfers which is much related to the diffusion of innovations. Technology transfer is the application of information into use (Rogers 1995). As defined, technological transfer is the application of theoretical innovations into applied inputs and outputs which may be used for both commercialized and not commercialized produce or services, wherein consumers or corporations benefit. The information that is transferred results from research that is conducted, perhaps in order for it to be applied to the development and commercialization of new or improved products or services that are sold in the marketplace by private companies (Matkin 1990). The process of technological transfer involves an interaction between the corporation and the corresponding stakeholders which benefit or which are affected by the corporation. Thus the suggestions in Rogers’ theory that there must be clear coordination through communication should be applied as reinforced by Williams and Gibson. The technology transfer process usually involves communication between (1) a source of technology that possesses specialized technical skills, and (2) receptors who do not possess these specialized skills and who cannot create the technology themselves (Williams Gibson 1990). Which is basically corresponding to the logical flow that technology is basically transferred to those who are not well adept to the advanced technology. A technology is a design for instrumental action that reduces the uncertainty in the cause-effect relationships involve in achieving a desired outcome (Rogers 1995, 13). Technology often has two aspects, one is the hardware aspect and the second is the software aspect. The hardware aspect consists of a tool that embodies the technology as a material or physical object (Rogers 1995, 13). The hardware aspect often comes as the solid part of the technology, as in the case of the computer, the hardware aspect is the keyboard, the monitor, the mouse the central processing unit, semiconductors etc. The software aspect consists of the information base for the tool (Rogers 1995, 6). The software aspect is then composed of the tools which enable the hardware to pursue its functions. As in the case of the computer, the software aspect is the codes, programs, commands, instructions, manuals, etc. Contrary to the common perception that the hardware is mostly is technology since it is normal for humans to think only of things which they can see and hold – yet technology may be purely the software aspect or may entirely be composed only of information which is new and considerably helpful than the current design and functions of normal practices. Examples of these technologies which may be composed of pure information are political ideologies such as Marxism and Maoism; and or religious beliefs and ideas such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam, etc. Corporate blog may be attributed to the software part, as there is no solid hardware present, but the computers and other equipments. It is an easy way to make organizations adopt to innovations, such technology existed for quite sometime yet there are yet a few corporations who did not join the trend of corporate blogging. Everett Rogers conceptualized the Diffusion of innovation theory in 1995. In this theory, Rogers (1995) points out that the acceptance of an innovation depends upon certain qualities as perceived by the audience. These qualities are the relative advantage of the innovation, its compatibility with existing values and practices, its simplicity and ease of use, its trialability, and its observable results. Relative advantage is the degree an innovation is perceived as a better idea than its preceding innovations. This quality is measured in economic terms, social prestige, convenience and satisfaction (Robinson, no date). Robinson further stresses that â€Å"the greater the perceived relative advantage of an innovation, the more rapid its rate of adoption is likely to be†. Compatibility with existing values and practices is concerned with the consistency of the innovation to the existing values, past experiences, and needs of potential adopters. If an idea is perceived to be incompatible with existing values and practices of a social system, it is less likely to be adopted. Simplicity and ease of use is the adopter’s perception on the difficulty of the innovation to understand and use. The simpler the innovation, the more rapid its rate of adoption will be. Trialability is the degree an innovation may be experimented with on a limited basis (Robinson, no date). Trialability of an innovation reduces the potential adopter’s uncertainties about the innovation. Observable result is the degree to which an adopter sees the results of an innovation. The more visible the result is, the more likely individuals will adopt it. These are the factors that must be considered in order to create a successful innovation. In summary, innovations simply with more relative advantages, greater compatibility, trialability, observability, and less complexity will gain a higher rate of adoption. There are four main elements in the Diffusion of Innovations as identified by Rogers (1995), these are (1) Innovation, (2), Channels, (3) Time, and (4) social system. As defined earlier, Rogers (1995, 11) defines diffusion as the process by which (1) and innovation (2) is communicated through certain channels (3) over time (4) among the members of the social system. Innovations. An innovation is an idea, practice, or object that is perceived as new by and individual or other unit of adoption. I matters little, so far as human behavior is concerned, whether or not an idea is â€Å"objectively†new as measured by the lapse of time since its first use or discovery (Rogers 1995, 12). As Rogers (1995, 12) stresses, it should be assumed that the diffusion and adoption of all innovations are necessarily desirable. The attributes of innovations are namely, (1) Relative advantage, (2) Compatibility, (3) Complexity, (4) Trialability, and (5) Observability. Rogers (1997, 2) discussed each of the five attributes; Relative advantage is the degree to which innovation is perceived as better than the idea it supercedes. Individuals evaluate new ideas in relationship to the ideas with which they are familiar; compatibility as the degree to which an innovation is perceived as similar to the individual’s past experiences, values and beliefs; Complexity as the degree to which an innovation is perceived as difficult to understand and use; Trialability as the degree to which an innovation is perceived as divisible by the individual for purposes of gaining personal experience with it; and observability as the degree to which an innovation is perceived as highly visible to others.
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